The Great Leap Forward took agricultural workers away from the normal patterns of planting and harvest, set people working on steel production, and developed the commune organisation.
The technological 'progress' took place alongside a policy of exaggerating crop yield, transplanting crops to demonstrate 'success' for Mao, and a culture of self-deception/self-protection within the local organisations. Soon, people began to starve.
There is a more information about this history here, on the History Learning Site. A video on Youtube tells the story with recollections of people who were children at this time.
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